Simulates subject-level parameters in the format required by make_data().
Usage
make_random_effects(
design,
group_means,
n_subj = NULL,
variance_proportion = 0.2,
covariances = NULL
)Arguments
- design
A design list. The design as specified by
design()- group_means
A numeric vector. The group level means for each parameter, in the same order as
sampled_p_vector(design)- n_subj
An integer. The number of subjects to generate parameters for. If
NULLwill be inferred from design- variance_proportion
A double. Optional. If
covariancesare not specified, the variances will be created by multiplying the means by this number. The covariances will be 0.- covariances
A covariance matrix. Optional. Specify the intended covariance matrix.
Examples
# First create a design
design_DDMaE <- design(data = forstmann,model=DDM,
formula =list(v~0+S,a~E, t0~1, s~1, Z~1, sv~1, SZ~1),
constants=c(s=log(1)))
#> Parameter(s) st0 not specified in formula and assumed constant.
#>
#> Sampled Parameters:
#> [1] "v_Sleft" "v_Sright" "a" "a_Eneutral" "a_Eaccuracy"
#> [6] "t0" "Z" "sv" "SZ"
#>
#> Design Matrices:
#> $v
#> S v_Sleft v_Sright
#> left 1 0
#> right 0 1
#>
#> $a
#> E a a_Eneutral a_Eaccuracy
#> speed 1 0 0
#> neutral 1 1 0
#> accuracy 1 0 1
#>
#> $t0
#> t0
#> 1
#>
#> $s
#> s
#> 1
#>
#> $Z
#> Z
#> 1
#>
#> $sv
#> sv
#> 1
#>
#> $SZ
#> SZ
#> 1
#>
#> $st0
#> st0
#> 1
#>
# Then create a group-level means vector:
group_means =c(v_Sleft=-2,v_Sright=2,a=log(1),a_Eneutral=log(1.5),a_Eaccuracy=log(2),
t0=log(.2),Z=qnorm(.5),sv=log(.5),SZ=qnorm(.5))
# Now we can create subject-level parameters
subj_pars <- make_random_effects(design_DDMaE, group_means, n_subj = 5)
# We can also define a covariance matrix to simulate from
subj_pars <- make_random_effects(design_DDMaE, group_means, n_subj = 5,
covariances = diag(.1, length(group_means)))
# The subject level parameters can be used to generate data
make_data(subj_pars, design_DDMaE, n_trials = 10)
#> subjects E S trials R rt
#> 1 1 speed left 1 left 0.4193612
#> 6 1 neutral left 1 left 1.3213483
#> 11 1 accuracy left 1 left 1.0101585
#> 16 1 speed right 1 right 0.9068502
#> 21 1 neutral right 1 right 2.6145269
#> 26 1 accuracy right 1 right 0.6020842
#> 31 1 speed left 2 left 0.4759412
#> 36 1 neutral left 2 left 3.6021403
#> 41 1 accuracy left 2 left 0.9803307
#> 46 1 speed right 2 right 0.5809446
#> 51 1 neutral right 2 right 1.5400219
#> 56 1 accuracy right 2 right 1.1231763
#> 61 1 speed left 3 left 0.8520405
#> 66 1 neutral left 3 left 0.6937543
#> 71 1 accuracy left 3 right 0.8244735
#> 76 1 speed right 3 right 0.3909499
#> 81 1 neutral right 3 right 1.0072313
#> 86 1 accuracy right 3 right 0.4103519
#> 91 1 speed left 4 left 0.5283641
#> 96 1 neutral left 4 left 5.9878096
#> 101 1 accuracy left 4 left 1.8257255
#> 106 1 speed right 4 right 0.4401735
#> 111 1 neutral right 4 right 0.9594493
#> 116 1 accuracy right 4 right 0.8190185
#> 121 1 speed left 5 right 0.7636714
#> 126 1 neutral left 5 left 0.7881564
#> 131 1 accuracy left 5 left 0.7460804
#> 136 1 speed right 5 left 0.5774319
#> 141 1 neutral right 5 right 1.8611451
#> 146 1 accuracy right 5 right 0.4661755
#> 151 1 speed left 6 left 0.9517008
#> 156 1 neutral left 6 left 1.3478634
#> 161 1 accuracy left 6 left 0.5864586
#> 166 1 speed right 6 right 0.6148954
#> 171 1 neutral right 6 right 0.9797640
#> 176 1 accuracy right 6 right 0.9929629
#> 181 1 speed left 7 left 0.9625560
#> 186 1 neutral left 7 left 0.9347382
#> 191 1 accuracy left 7 left 0.5849136
#> 196 1 speed right 7 right 0.4003832
#> 201 1 neutral right 7 right 1.4639503
#> 206 1 accuracy right 7 right 1.4463538
#> 211 1 speed left 8 left 0.4179070
#> 216 1 neutral left 8 left 2.1427418
#> 221 1 accuracy left 8 left 1.0042443
#> 226 1 speed right 8 right 0.4138224
#> 231 1 neutral right 8 right 1.6471585
#> 236 1 accuracy right 8 right 3.0998809
#> 241 1 speed left 9 left 0.5384385
#> 246 1 neutral left 9 left 1.7562213
#> 251 1 accuracy left 9 left 1.1296061
#> 256 1 speed right 9 right 0.4745968
#> 261 1 neutral right 9 right 0.8852778
#> 266 1 accuracy right 9 right 1.0490096
#> 271 1 speed left 10 left 1.1841024
#> 276 1 neutral left 10 left 2.1801970
#> 281 1 accuracy left 10 left 2.9564186
#> 286 1 speed right 10 right 1.8382561
#> 291 1 neutral right 10 right 1.3635594
#> 296 1 accuracy right 10 right 0.9623265
#> 2 2 speed left 1 left 0.7990223
#> 7 2 neutral left 1 left 1.1305798
#> 12 2 accuracy left 1 left 0.8376466
#> 17 2 speed right 1 left 0.8313641
#> 22 2 neutral right 1 right 1.8219549
#> 27 2 accuracy right 1 right 2.1477976
#> 32 2 speed left 2 left 0.6867480
#> 37 2 neutral left 2 left 0.6374366
#> 42 2 accuracy left 2 left 0.5671491
#> 47 2 speed right 2 left 0.5581627
#> 52 2 neutral right 2 right 0.7687573
#> 57 2 accuracy right 2 left 0.5959522
#> 62 2 speed left 3 left 0.5986936
#> 67 2 neutral left 3 left 0.5923028
#> 72 2 accuracy left 3 left 0.5939293
#> 77 2 speed right 3 left 0.5922915
#> 82 2 neutral right 3 left 0.4666529
#> 87 2 accuracy right 3 right 1.0570027
#> 92 2 speed left 4 left 0.5657949
#> 97 2 neutral left 4 left 0.6834971
#> 102 2 accuracy left 4 left 1.0798908
#> 107 2 speed right 4 right 0.8262225
#> 112 2 neutral right 4 right 0.9072218
#> 117 2 accuracy right 4 right 2.7363025
#> 122 2 speed left 5 left 0.4625597
#> 127 2 neutral left 5 left 0.6852235
#> 132 2 accuracy left 5 left 0.5802900
#> 137 2 speed right 5 right 0.8591691
#> 142 2 neutral right 5 right 1.4938257
#> 147 2 accuracy right 5 right 1.0344972
#> 152 2 speed left 6 right 0.8180158
#> 157 2 neutral left 6 left 0.5490006
#> 162 2 accuracy left 6 left 1.8680783
#> 167 2 speed right 6 left 0.5207631
#> 172 2 neutral right 6 right 0.9011335
#> 177 2 accuracy right 6 right 1.2762525
#> 182 2 speed left 7 left 0.5109791
#> 187 2 neutral left 7 left 0.7570672
#> 192 2 accuracy left 7 left 0.9992663
#> 197 2 speed right 7 left 0.6972221
#> 202 2 neutral right 7 left 0.4827839
#> 207 2 accuracy right 7 right 1.2981473
#> 212 2 speed left 8 left 0.4726421
#> 217 2 neutral left 8 left 1.1149193
#> 222 2 accuracy left 8 left 0.8523993
#> 227 2 speed right 8 right 0.9092733
#> 232 2 neutral right 8 left 0.5509334
#> 237 2 accuracy right 8 right 1.2877926
#> 242 2 speed left 9 left 0.6744828
#> 247 2 neutral left 9 left 0.6295208
#> 252 2 accuracy left 9 left 0.6239107
#> 257 2 speed right 9 right 0.8306768
#> 262 2 neutral right 9 right 1.6525868
#> 267 2 accuracy right 9 left 0.5408722
#> 272 2 speed left 10 left 0.4796214
#> 277 2 neutral left 10 left 0.6178184
#> 282 2 accuracy left 10 left 0.6759889
#> 287 2 speed right 10 right 0.6072875
#> 292 2 neutral right 10 right 0.5924563
#> 297 2 accuracy right 10 right 1.3353478
#> 3 3 speed left 1 left 0.2364465
#> 8 3 neutral left 1 left 0.2353730
#> 13 3 accuracy left 1 left 0.3414085
#> 18 3 speed right 1 left 0.3546309
#> 23 3 neutral right 1 right 0.3986662
#> 28 3 accuracy right 1 right 0.2876299
#> 33 3 speed left 2 left 0.2279650
#> 38 3 neutral left 2 left 0.1717977
#> 43 3 accuracy left 2 left 1.0641000
#> 48 3 speed right 2 right 0.2598274
#> 53 3 neutral right 2 right 0.6755983
#> 58 3 accuracy right 2 right 0.3578853
#> 63 3 speed left 3 right 0.1655877
#> 68 3 neutral left 3 left 0.4589343
#> 73 3 accuracy left 3 left 0.2077049
#> 78 3 speed right 3 left 0.1556091
#> 83 3 neutral right 3 left 0.5426318
#> 88 3 accuracy right 3 right 0.4356327
#> 93 3 speed left 4 right 0.1654606
#> 98 3 neutral left 4 left 0.9969207
#> 103 3 accuracy left 4 left 0.7299234
#> 108 3 speed right 4 right 0.4450955
#> 113 3 neutral right 4 right 0.2814783
#> 118 3 accuracy right 4 right 0.6389698
#> 123 3 speed left 5 right 0.2457152
#> 128 3 neutral left 5 left 0.5139492
#> 133 3 accuracy left 5 left 0.5814591
#> 138 3 speed right 5 right 0.1725248
#> 143 3 neutral right 5 right 0.4019443
#> 148 3 accuracy right 5 right 0.5736816
#> 153 3 speed left 6 right 0.4318007
#> 158 3 neutral left 6 left 0.2340778
#> 163 3 accuracy left 6 left 1.1083073
#> 168 3 speed right 6 right 0.2193557
#> 173 3 neutral right 6 right 0.7438618
#> 178 3 accuracy right 6 right 0.2010323
#> 183 3 speed left 7 right 0.1833217
#> 188 3 neutral left 7 left 0.8498258
#> 193 3 accuracy left 7 left 0.2667243
#> 198 3 speed right 7 right 0.1679766
#> 203 3 neutral right 7 right 0.3194990
#> 208 3 accuracy right 7 right 0.4041280
#> 213 3 speed left 8 left 0.1409040
#> 218 3 neutral left 8 left 0.2723462
#> 223 3 accuracy left 8 left 0.6263929
#> 228 3 speed right 8 right 0.2188620
#> 233 3 neutral right 8 right 0.4334330
#> 238 3 accuracy right 8 right 0.3754420
#> 243 3 speed left 9 left 0.2452776
#> 248 3 neutral left 9 left 0.2584728
#> 253 3 accuracy left 9 left 0.4406785
#> 258 3 speed right 9 right 0.2848348
#> 263 3 neutral right 9 right 0.4366882
#> 268 3 accuracy right 9 right 0.2865983
#> 273 3 speed left 10 left 0.2937653
#> 278 3 neutral left 10 left 0.3055828
#> 283 3 accuracy left 10 left 0.4916850
#> 288 3 speed right 10 left 0.2399585
#> 293 3 neutral right 10 right 0.2065790
#> 298 3 accuracy right 10 left 0.4042073
#> 4 4 speed left 1 left 0.5015753
#> 9 4 neutral left 1 left 2.0389899
#> 14 4 accuracy left 1 right 0.3159794
#> 19 4 speed right 1 right 0.3445574
#> 24 4 neutral right 1 right 0.3355026
#> 29 4 accuracy right 1 right 1.5797375
#> 34 4 speed left 2 left 0.3808129
#> 39 4 neutral left 2 left 1.8297493
#> 44 4 accuracy left 2 left 0.6381267
#> 49 4 speed right 2 right 0.3158093
#> 54 4 neutral right 2 right 0.7277419
#> 59 4 accuracy right 2 right 0.5292479
#> 64 4 speed left 3 right 0.3448164
#> 69 4 neutral left 3 left 1.3744491
#> 74 4 accuracy left 3 left 0.6276398
#> 79 4 speed right 3 right 0.8454433
#> 84 4 neutral right 3 right 0.5328646
#> 89 4 accuracy right 3 right 1.3968499
#> 94 4 speed left 4 right 0.3047267
#> 99 4 neutral left 4 right 0.9067365
#> 104 4 accuracy left 4 left 0.7019027
#> 109 4 speed right 4 right 0.3425376
#> 114 4 neutral right 4 right 0.6293099
#> 119 4 accuracy right 4 right 0.3607344
#> 124 4 speed left 5 right 0.3442119
#> 129 4 neutral left 5 left 2.3720181
#> 134 4 accuracy left 5 right 0.3203973
#> 139 4 speed right 5 right 0.3550732
#> 144 4 neutral right 5 right 1.0576791
#> 149 4 accuracy right 5 right 1.1799993
#> 154 4 speed left 6 left 0.4413562
#> 159 4 neutral left 6 left 0.9784070
#> 164 4 accuracy left 6 right 0.3085573
#> 169 4 speed right 6 right 0.3286292
#> 174 4 neutral right 6 right 0.3684513
#> 179 4 accuracy right 6 right 0.3352704
#> 184 4 speed left 7 right 0.3931154
#> 189 4 neutral left 7 left 1.1163171
#> 194 4 accuracy left 7 left 0.7874353
#> 199 4 speed right 7 right 0.3070661
#> 204 4 neutral right 7 right 1.1570909
#> 209 4 accuracy right 7 right 0.3776433
#> 214 4 speed left 8 left 1.1583415
#> 219 4 neutral left 8 left 1.1369660
#> 224 4 accuracy left 8 left 1.5069033
#> 229 4 speed right 8 right 0.4790159
#> 234 4 neutral right 8 right 0.4010402
#> 239 4 accuracy right 8 right 0.3597322
#> 244 4 speed left 9 left 0.4950517
#> 249 4 neutral left 9 left 2.0174763
#> 254 4 accuracy left 9 left 0.6220561
#> 259 4 speed right 9 right 0.4056108
#> 264 4 neutral right 9 right 1.9027530
#> 269 4 accuracy right 9 right 0.6982177
#> 274 4 speed left 10 left 0.3836568
#> 279 4 neutral left 10 left 1.2326443
#> 284 4 accuracy left 10 left 1.1309284
#> 289 4 speed right 10 right 0.3509148
#> 294 4 neutral right 10 right 0.9917207
#> 299 4 accuracy right 10 right 1.3636058
#> 5 5 speed left 1 left 0.5882340
#> 10 5 neutral left 1 left 0.9482927
#> 15 5 accuracy left 1 left 0.9968045
#> 20 5 speed right 1 right 0.5509412
#> 25 5 neutral right 1 right 0.8988565
#> 30 5 accuracy right 1 right 0.7347184
#> 35 5 speed left 2 left 0.3287062
#> 40 5 neutral left 2 left 0.6605287
#> 45 5 accuracy left 2 left 2.3552992
#> 50 5 speed right 2 right 0.5517971
#> 55 5 neutral right 2 right 1.2276347
#> 60 5 accuracy right 2 right 0.6760796
#> 65 5 speed left 3 right 0.5525209
#> 70 5 neutral left 3 left 1.0653492
#> 75 5 accuracy left 3 left 0.5790541
#> 80 5 speed right 3 right 0.8042443
#> 85 5 neutral right 3 right 1.4016122
#> 90 5 accuracy right 3 left 0.3590838
#> 95 5 speed left 4 left 0.3561858
#> 100 5 neutral left 4 left 1.9637959
#> 105 5 accuracy left 4 left 2.1253953
#> 110 5 speed right 4 right 0.5003907
#> 115 5 neutral right 4 right 0.5775180
#> 120 5 accuracy right 4 right 1.4191781
#> 125 5 speed left 5 left 0.4220682
#> 130 5 neutral left 5 left 1.6043147
#> 135 5 accuracy left 5 left 0.7048039
#> 140 5 speed right 5 right 0.7146692
#> 145 5 neutral right 5 right 1.0781700
#> 150 5 accuracy right 5 right 0.9988236
#> 155 5 speed left 6 left 0.3865632
#> 160 5 neutral left 6 left 0.3792731
#> 165 5 accuracy left 6 left 1.1460115
#> 170 5 speed right 6 right 0.7642872
#> 175 5 neutral right 6 right 0.9829130
#> 180 5 accuracy right 6 right 1.0110473
#> 185 5 speed left 7 left 0.6853513
#> 190 5 neutral left 7 left 0.6032076
#> 195 5 accuracy left 7 left 0.4080187
#> 200 5 speed right 7 right 0.4256948
#> 205 5 neutral right 7 right 1.0713036
#> 210 5 accuracy right 7 right 0.9744742
#> 215 5 speed left 8 left 0.5800564
#> 220 5 neutral left 8 left 1.7062603
#> 225 5 accuracy left 8 left 0.5313840
#> 230 5 speed right 8 right 1.0522381
#> 235 5 neutral right 8 right 0.9328861
#> 240 5 accuracy right 8 right 1.5863403
#> 245 5 speed left 9 right 0.7590235
#> 250 5 neutral left 9 left 0.7482810
#> 255 5 accuracy left 9 left 1.1871706
#> 260 5 speed right 9 left 0.5461100
#> 265 5 neutral right 9 right 2.3092375
#> 270 5 accuracy right 9 right 1.2031467
#> 275 5 speed left 10 right 0.6554156
#> 280 5 neutral left 10 left 0.8589199
#> 285 5 accuracy left 10 left 0.5640064
#> 290 5 speed right 10 right 0.6077505
#> 295 5 neutral right 10 right 1.1756832
#> 300 5 accuracy right 10 left 0.4204746